Small Arms of Moche People in Primorye  (Based on Materials of Monastyrka III Cemetery)

O. V. Diyakova; V. E. Shavkunov

List of issues > «Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series». 2017. Vol. 21

Small Arms of Moche People in Primorye (Based on Materials of Monastyrka III Cemetery)

Full text (russian)

Author(s)

O. V. Diyakova, V. E. Shavkunov

Abstract

In the article we analyze the small arms of the medieval cemetery Monastyrka III, which is located in the Dalnegorskii district of Primorye (Russian Far East). Classification of shooting arms is presented by 3 types of flat stemless arrowhead and 8 types of petiolar arrowhead. Flat stemless arrowhead are remarks of stone ones and descend from tips of Poltsevo culture. The small arms of Monastyrka III were used mainly for hunting, but not for war. Among 100 arrowheads, only 4 are armor-piercing. It was found the full quiver with arrows of 30 tips and only 2 were arm tips in the burial no. 31. Besides, fighting tips of the burial ground of Monastyrka III have no direct analogies in arms of the synchronous cultures. Most likely, they were a local production and aimed the punching of a leather and felt armor. The chisel-shaped tips were found on monuments of the Bohai's and Jurchen's cultures and were applied to defeat of a metal lamellar armor. Therefore, a resettlement of alien, initially nomadic Moche tribes have happened mainly peacefully and probably on free lands. It is possible that it was promoted by different economic niches of Poltsevo (farmers and handicraftsmen) and Moche (hunters and fishers) peoples. The social organization of the population that has left a cemetery Monastyrka III was high, and since had a certain state status. In grave 29 it was buried a person with imperious attribute – a bronze gilded jingle with the hieroglyphs saying that it was "the chief of fortress Shuidaocheng". The location of fortress Shuidaocheng is comparable to the Vaskovskaya stone fortress, which was protecting an entrance to a bay Rydnaya and spaced from a cemetery Monastyrka III in 1.6 km. The earlier age of the cemetery Monastyrka III is also pointed out upon of Flat stemless arrowhead (a remark of stone), which have appeared for the first time in the iron execution of Poltsevo culture which upper bound is dated by the 4^th century. Signs of transition to new, heavier arms type are recorded in materials of Monastyrka III. They give us the grounds to believe that the process of its formation was a long one.

Keywords

Primorye, Moche culture, Bohai culture, Smolninskaya culture, Monastyrka III cemetery, tips armament

UDC

947.04(571.6)

References

Andreeva Zh.V. Primorie v epokhu pervobytnoobshchinnogo stroya. Zheleznyi vek (I tysyacheletie do n.e. – VIII v. n.e.) [Primorye in the era of primitive society. Iron Age (I Millennium BC – VIII century AD]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1977, 240 p. (In Russ.)

Boldin V. I., Shavkunov V. E. Predmety vooruzheniya s selishcha Konstantinovskoe-I [Armament supplies from Konstantinovskoe-I settlement]. Vestnik DVO RAN [Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Vladivostok, 1997, Is. 1, pp. 71–81. (In Russ.)

Boldin V. I., Shavkunov V. E. Nakonechniki strel Kraskinskogo gorodishcha [Arrow-heads of Kraskinskoe settlement]. Rossiya i ATR [Russia and the Pacific]. Vladivostok, 2000, Is. 2, pp. 22–27. (In Russ.)

Boldin V. I., Gelman E. I., Leshchenko N. V., Sang Som Lim, Chzhe Un Yun, Su Guk Kim. Otchet ob arkheologicheskikh issledovaniyakh na Kraskinskom gorodishche Primorskogo kraya Rossii v 2005 g. [The report about archaeological research in the Kraskinskoe settlement in Primorsky region of Russia in 2005]. Seoul, Fond kogureskikh issledovanii Publ., 2006, 241 p. (In Russ. In Korean)

Brodyanskii D. L. Vvedenie v dalnevostochnuyu arkheologiyu [Introduction to Far Eastern Archaeology]. Vladivostok, FESU Publ., 1987, 276 p. (In Russ.)

Derevyanko E. I. Troitskii mogilnik [Troitskii burial ground]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1977, 224 p. (In Russ.)

Derevyanko E. I. Ocherki voennogo dela plemen Priamuriya [Essays on military affairs of the tribes of the Amur region]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1987, 224 p. (In Russ.)

Diyakova O. V. Rannesrednevekovaya keramika Dalnego Vostoka SSSR kak istoricheskii istochnik (VII–X vv.) [Early medieval ceramics of the Far East of the USSR as a historical source (VII–X centuries)]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984, 205 p. (In Russ.)

Diyakova O. V. Proiskhozhdenie, formirovanie i razvitie srednevekovykh kultur Dalnego Vostoka [The origin, formation and development of medieval cultures of the Far East]. Vladivostok, Dalnauka Publ., 1993, 408 p. (In Russ.)

Diyakova O. V. Mokheskie pamyatniki Primoriya [Mokhe sites of Primorye]. Vladivostok, Dalnauka Publ., 1998, 318 p. (In Russ.)

Lenkov V. D., Shavkunov V. E. Zheleznye nakonechniki strel bokhaitsev Primoriya [Iron arrowheads of the population of Bokhai culture of Primorye]. Voennoe delo naseleniya yuga Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka [The military of population of the South of Siberia and the Far East]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1993, pp. 214–226. (In Russ.)

Malyavkin A. G. Tszin-shi [Tszin-shi]. Sbornik nauchnykh rabot przhevaltsev [Proceedings of researchers-przhevaltsev]. Harbin, 1942, pp. 41–58. (In Russ.)

Medvedev A. F. Ruchnoe metatelnoe oruzhie (luk i strely, samostrel) VIII–XIV vv. [Hand throwing weapons (bow and arrow, crossbow) VIII–XIV centuries]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1966, 182 p. (In Russ.)

Medvedev V. E. Srednevekovye pamyatniki ostrova Ussuriiskogo [Medieval sites of the Ussuri Island]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1982, 216 p. (In Russ.)

Nikitin Yu. G., Shavkunov V. E. Predmety vooruzheniya Roshchinskogo mogilnika [Weapons of Roshchinskii burial ground]. Arkheologiya i etnologiya Dalnego Vostoka i Tsentralnoi Azii [Archaeology and Ethnology of the Far East and Central Asia]. Vladivostok, 1998, pp. 130–136. (In Russ.)

Rozov G. M. (translate), Malyavkin A. G. (comment). Istoriya Zolotoi imperii [History of the Golden Empire]. Novosibirsk, IAET SB RAS Publ., 1998, 288 p. (In Russ.)

Shavkunov V. E. Vooruzhenie chzhurchzhenei XII – XIII vv. [Weapons of Jurchen XII – XIII centuries]. Vladivostok, Dalnauka Publ., 1993, 185 p. (In Russ.)

Shavkunov V. E. Pamyatniki smolninskoi kultury Primoriya (po materialam raskopok gorodishch Smolninskoe i Shaiga-Redut) [Sites of smolninskaya culture of Primorye (on materials of excavations of Smolninskoe and Shaiga-Redut) settlements]. Vladivostok, IHAE FEB RAS Publ., 2015, 164 p. (In Russ.)

Shavkunov V. E., Gelman E. I. Mnogosloinyi pamyatnik Aurovskoe gorodishche [Multilayered site of Aurovskoe settlement]. Trudy Instituta istorii, arkheologii i etnografii narodov Dalnego Vostoka [Proceedings of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the peoples of the Far East]. Vladivostok, Dalnauka Publ., 2002, Vol. 11. Aktualnye problemy Dalnevostochnoi arkheologii [Actual problems of Far Eastern Archaeology], pp. 75–108. (In Russ.)

Vasiliev Yu. M. Luk, detali kolchanov i nakonechniki strel pokrovskoi kultury [Bow, details of quivers and arrowheads of Pokrovskaya culture]. Materialy po srednevekovoi arkheologii i istorii Dalnego Vostoka SSSR [Materials on Medieval Archaeology and History of the Far East of the USSR]. Vladivostok, 1990, pp. 70–87. (In Russ.)

Vostretsov Yu. E. Tipologiya zheleznykh predmetov vooruzheniya poseleniya Sinie Skaly [The typology of the iron armament supplies of Sinie Skaly settlement]. Materialy po arkheologii Dalnego Vostoka SSSR [Materials on Archaeology of the Far East of the USSR]. Vladivostok, 1981, pp. 26–34. (In Russ.)