The article contains the results of major ethnogenesis problem study and ethnic history of the Tungusic people and Evenks. The introduction presents the analysis of the interdisciplinary research of this problem lead by Russian scientists during the first half of XX – beginning of XXI century. Methodological base of the research is based on the theoretical studies of Russian ethnologists (Shirokogoroff S. M., Tishkov V. A., Bromley Y. V., Levin M. G. and others) who consider the process of ethnogenesis and ethnic history from the point of view of convergent forming and evolution of the basic definitions of the ethnic groups: physical type, language, culture and ethnic identity. In contrast to previous studies, the author believes that the so-called «historical ancestral home» of the Tungus and Evenks used to cover a vast territory of the Middle Siberia. With this territory it should be associated the forming of the «parental» genetic core of the Evenks ancestors. The analysis of the ethnographic sources permits the author to suggest that the current diversity in language, forms of economy and material culture is a result of the late Evenks and Tungus migrations, their conquering the whole taiga and tundra and finally the interaction of the local protoevenks groups with the Samodians, Paleoasianand the groups of Mongol and Turkic speaking cattlemen.