Lithic Industry of Mamony 2 Site in the Context of Late Karga (MIS 3) – Early Sartan (MIS 2) Material Complexes of Irkutsk

S. A. Kogai; E. O. Rogovskoi

List of issues > «Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series». 2017. Vol. 22

Lithic Industry of Mamony 2 Site in the Context of Late Karga (MIS 3) – Early Sartan (MIS 2) Material Complexes of Irkutsk

Full text (russian)

Author(s)

S. A. Kogai, E. O. Rogovskoi

Abstract

The paper deals with materials of the Upper Paleolithic site Mamony II situated at the north-east of Irkutsk near eponymous village. The site was found in 1995 and excavated in 2011–2012. Cultural remains were found in 2 horizons. The lower, 2^nd horizon was recorded in solifluctional loess of layer 4 with radiocarbon age dated 40–30 ka BP (second part of MIS 3). Lithic collection consists of 2318 artifacts made of quartzite, chert, effusive rock, quartz and argillite. There were two strategies of primary knapping. The first core reduction was aimed at flake blanks with exploitation of flat unidirectional reduction system, the second – at flake blanks also using radial system. General types of tools are side-scrapers, end-scrapers, pièce écaillée, thorned tools, rare burins, choppers and retouched blades. The upper, 1^st horizon of cultural remains was recorded in loess loams of layer 3 with supposed age 21–18 ka BP (first part of MIS 2). Lithic collection consists of 425 artifacts made of the same raw materials that were used in the industry of the 2^nd horizon. The sparse collection doesn’t contain any specific features for characterizing of its habitus rare tools are presented by end-scrapers, burins and retouched flakes and blades. The lithic industry of the 2^nd horizon correlates with such nearest synchronous assemblages as Gerasimova 1 (horizon 2), Spartak 1 and Shchapova 1. The unified chronometry, technical-typological characteristics and presence of non-utilitarian ornamented items allow us to single out the local industrial group named after the most informative complex of Mamony group. The lithic collection of the 1^st horizon yields little information for correlation. We can notice that materials of the 1^st horizon have several synchronous neighbors – Gerasimova 1 (horizon 1), Shchapova 2, New Angara Bridge (horizon 4) but their collection also sparse and can’t be correlated. Perhaps, the future excavations will allow us to better imagine the nature of the material culture of the middle stages of the Upper Paleolithic in the region.

Keywords

Baikal Siberia, Irkutsk, Upper Paleolithic, Karga interstadial, Sartan glaciation, lithic industry, Mamony industrial group

UDC

903(571.53)

References

Aksenov M. P. Paleolit i mezolit verkhnei Leny [Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Upper Lena basin]. Irkutsk, ISTU Publ., 2009, 370 p. (In Russ.)

Aksenov M. P., Shunkov M. V. Vozrast i mesto stoyanki Makarovo III v paleolite verkhnei Leny [Makarovo III, its age and place in the Paleolithic of Upper Lena basin]. Paleolit i mezolit yuga Sibiri [Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Southern Siberia]. Irkutsk, ISU Publ., 1982, pp. 108–126. (In Russ.)

Generalov A. G. Novye paleoliticheskie obiekty na yuge Srednei Sibiri [New paleolithic sites in Southern Middle Siberia]. Glavneishie itogi v izuchenii chetvertichnogo perioda i osnovnye napravleniya issledovanii v XXI veke [The most important results in Quaternary researches and general trends of studies in XXI century]. St. Petersburg, VSEGEI Publ., 1998, pp. 254–255. (In Russ.)

Khenzykhenova F., Sato T., Lipnina E., Medvedev G., Kato H., Kogai S., Max-imenko K., Novoseltseva V. Upper paleolithic mammal fauna of the Baikal region, east Siberia (new data). Quaternary International. 2011, Vol. 231, Is. 1–2, pp. 50–54. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.06.032

Klementiev A. M. Fauny pozdnekarginskogo vremeni Irkutskogo amfiteatra [Fauna of the Late Karga Period of the Irkutsk Amphitheater]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Geoarkheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2013, Vol. 1 (2), pp. 30–43. (In Russ.)

Kogai S. A., Rogovskoi E. O Ornamentirovannye predmety iz raskopok paleolitich-eskogo mestonakhozhdeniya Mamony II (Irkutsk) [Ornamented Items of the Mamony II Paleolithic Site (Irkutsk)]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Geoarkheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2013, Vol. 1 (2), pp. 62–70. (In Russ.)

Kozyrev A. S., Slagoda E. A. «Shchapovo» – novoe geoarkheologicheskoe mestona-khozhdenie verkhnego pleistotsena v g. Irkutske [«Shchapovo» – the new geoarchaeological Upper Pleistocene site in Irkutsk]. Antropogen, paleoantropologiya, geoarkheologiya, etnologiya Azii [Anthropogene, Paleoanthropology, Geoarchaeology, Ethnology in Asia]. Irkutsk, Ottisk Publ., 2008, pp. 81–89. (In Russ.)

Kozyrev A. S., Shchetnikov A. A., Klementiev A. M., Filinov I. A., Fedorenko A. B., Khenzykhenova F. I. Geografiya i vozrast iskopaemykh artefaktov verkhnego neopleistotsena v Tunkinskoi riftovoi doline [The Geography and Age of Upper Neopleistocene fossil artefacts of the Tunka rift valley]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Geoarkheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2012, Vol. 1, pp. 106–125. (In Russ.)

Kozyrev A., Shchetnikov A., Klementiev A., Filinov I. A., Fedorenko A., White D. The early Upper Palaeolithic of the Tunka rift valley, Lake Baikal region, Siberia. Quaternary International. 2014, Vol. 348, pp. 4–13. doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.012

Larichev V. E., Lipnina E. A., Medvedev G. I., Kogai S. A. Angarskii paleolit: u istokov «khudozhestvennogo tvorchestva» rannikh Homo Sapiens Vostochnoi Sibiri i nachalo obreteniya imi protonauchnykh znanii o prirode [Angara Paleolithic: The beginnings of Arts and scientific conceptualization of early Homo Sapiens in the East Siberia]. Vuzovskaya nauchnaya arkheologiya i etnologiya Severnoi Azii. Irkutskaya shkola 1918–1937 gg. [High-school scientific archaeology and ethnology of the Northern Asia. Irkutsk scientific school in 1918–1937]. Irkutsk, Amtera Publ., 2009, pp. 249–264. (In Russ.)

Lezhnenko I. L. Predvaritelnye itogi issledovanii mnogosloinogo geoarkheologicheskogo obiekta «Novyi Angarskii Most» v zone stroitelstva mostovogo perekhoda cherez r. Angaru v g. Irkutske [Prelimibary report of researches at New Angara Bridge site in Irkutsk]. Severnaya Evraziya v antropogene: chelovek, paleotekhnologii, geoekologiya, etnologiya i antropologiya [Northern Eurasia in Anthropogene: Human, Paleotechnologies, Geoecology, Ethnology and Anthropology]. Irkutsk, Ottisk Publ., 2007, Vol. 1, pp. 364–372. (In Russ.)

Lipnina E. A., Kogai S. A. Kamennaya industriya pozdnepaleoliticheskogo mestonakhozhdeniya im. M. M. Gerasimova (Gerasimova I) [Lithic industry of Upper Paleolithic Site Gerasimova I]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Geoarkheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2015, Vol. 14, pp. 3–23. (In Russ.)

Medvedev G. I. Paleolit Yuzhnogo Priangariya : avtoref. dis. … dok. ist. nauk [Paleolithic of Southern Angara region. Doc. histor. sci. syn. diss.]. Novosibirsk, 1983, 41 p. (In Russ.)

Medvedev G. I., Vorobieva G. A. K probleme gruppirovki geoarkheologicheskikh obiektov Baikalo-Eniseiskoi Sibiri [The problem of grouping of the geoarchaeological objects in Baikal-Enisei Siberia]. Paleoekologiya pleistotsena i kultura kamennogo veka Severnoi Azii i sopredelnykh territorii [Paleoecology of Pleistocene and Stone Age cultures in Northern Asia and neighbouring territories]. Novosibirsk, IAET Publ., 1998, Vol. 2, pp. 148–160. (In Russ.)

Novoseltseva V. M. Verkhnii paleolit Osinsko-Unginskogo geoarkheologicheskogo raiona : avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Upper Paleolithic of Osinsky-Unginsky geoarchaeological area. Cand. histor. sci. syn. diss.]. Irkutsk, 2011, 18 p. (In Russ.)

Rogovskoi E. O., Vorobieva G. A., Popov A. A., Kogai S. A. Rezultaty issledovanii paleoliticheskogo mestonakhozhdeniya Sedova v Irkutske [The results of research on the Palaeolithic site Sedova in Irkutsk]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, fililogiya [Vestnik Novosibirsk State University. Series: History and Philology]. 2011, Vol. 10, Is. 5, pp. 132–140. (In Russ.)

Rogovskoi E. O., Kogai S. A., Kozyrev A. S., Popov A. A. Paleoliticheskie obiekty srednego i verkhnego neopleistotsena Irkutska: problemy i perspektivy izucheniya [Paleolithic sites of Middle and Upper Neopleistocene in Irkutsk: problems and perspectives of researches]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [Vestnik Novosibirsk State University. Series: History and Philology]. 2013, Vol. 12, Is. 5, pp. 97–107. (In Russ.)

Rogovskoi E. O., Kogai S. A., Novoseltseva V. M., Oschepkova E. B., Popov A. A., Tarakanovskii S. P. Geoarkheologicheskie issledovaniya na paleoliticheskikh obiektakh Severnogo Priangariya [Geoarchaeological research at Paleolithic sites of the Northen Angara Region]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Geoarkheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2012, Vol. 1, pp. 203–219. (In Russ.)

Semin M. Yu., Kogai S. A., Rogovskoi E. O. Spartak I – novoe paleoliticheskoe mes-tonakhozhdenie v Irkutske [Spartak I – the new Paleolithic Site in Irkutsk]. Izvestiya Ir-kutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Geoarkheologiya. Etnologiya. Antropologiya [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Geoarcheology. Ethnology. Anthropology]. 2014, Vol. 9, pp. 34–45. (In Russ.)

Semin M. Yu., Kogai S. A., Molchanov D. N. Novoe paleoliticheskoe mestonakhozhdenie v Irkutske – stoyanka im. M. P. Aksenova [Recent data from Paleolithic of Irkutsk – Aksenov site]. Evraziya v kainozoe. Stratigrafiya, paleoekologiya, kultury [Eurasia in the Cenozoic. Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Cultures]. 2017, Vol. 6, pp. 154–160. (In Russ)Stratigrafiya, paleogeografiya i arkheologiya yuga Srednei Sibiri [Stratigraphy, Paleogeography and Archaeology of the Southern Middle Siberia]. Irkutsk, ISU Publ., 1990, 165 p. (In Russ.)

Vorobieva G. A. Pochva kak letopis prirodnykh sobytii Pribaikaliya: problemy evolyutsii i klassifikatsii pochv [Soils as annals of environment in Cis-Baikal : soil evolution and classification problems]. Irkutsk, ISU Publ., 2010, 205 p. (In Russ.)

Vorobieva G. A., Generalov A. G. Novoe paleoliticheskoe mestonakhozhdenie Mamony II [The new Paleolithic site Mamony II]. Dulovskie chteniya 1997 goda (Sektsiya arkheologii i etnografii) [Dulov’s readings 1997 (Archaeology and Ethnography section)]. Irkutsk, 1997, pp. 31–33. (In Russ.)

Vorobieva G. A., Generalov A. G., Zagrafskii S. I. Paleoliticheskie obiekty 30-go ty-syacheletiya na yuge Srednei Sibiri [Paleolithic objects of 30 ka BP in Southern Middle Siberia]. Paleoekologiya pleistotsena i kultury kamennogo veka Severnoi Azii i sopredelnykh territorii [Paleoecology of Pleistocene and Stone Age cultures in Northern Asia and neighbouring territories]. Novosibirsk, IAET Publ., 1998, Vol. 2, pp. 46–54. (In Russ.)