Ida Buryats in the 19th Century: Ethnic Composition and Settlement

B. Z. Nanzatov

List of issues > «Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series». 2017. Vol. 20

Ida Buryats in the 19th Century: Ethnic Composition and Settlement

Full text (russian)

Author(s)

B. Z. Nanzatov

Abstract

The article continues a series of research works on the ethnic composition of the Buryat population using a case study of the Steppe Dumas, national jurisdictions of the Russian empire in 19^th century. This article studies the ethnic composition and settlement of Ida Buryats in the Ida Steppe Duma. The creation of the first Buryat territorial and administrative entities – Mirskaya Izba and Steppe Bureau and their further development to Steppe Dumas led to the formation of ethno-territorial groups of Buryat people, whose identity remains relevant in modern conditions. The ethnic composition and resettlement of the ethno-territorial group of the Ida Buryats is of great interest in connection with the study of Buryats ethnogenesis and the ethnic history of the Baikal region. This study continues the discussion about the origins and connections of Buryat tribes with the Mongolian, Turkic and Tungus tribes of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. One of the key ethnic groups of the Ida Buryats is the tribal union Obogoni Olon. Turkic medieval tribes of Southern Siberia and Central Asia took part in its formation. Medieval archaeological monuments in the valleys of rivers Angara, Osa, Obusa, Ulei, Unga are connected with this tribal union. In turn, this ethnic group took part in the formation of the Yakut (Sakha) ethnos. The presence among the Ida Buryats of ethnonyms of the late Mongolian tribes reflects the constant contacts of the Baikal region with the Central Asian region, and the Oirat ethnonyms indicate the existence of a medieval Oirat layer of the Yenisei-Baikal region. The author's version of the origin of ethnic groups that formed the ethno-territorial group of the Ida Buryats was proposed on the basis of the historical and linguistic analysis of macro-ethnonyms. The reconstruction of the network of settlement of Buryat ethnic groups in the investigated territory in the 19^th century allowed to present the most complete picture of the settlement of the Ida Buryats with the maximum number of uluses and villages, existing at the end of the 19^th century. Also, author's maps indicate the status of the territories, the ratio and density of settlement of the Buryat tribes.

Keywords

Ida Buryats, ethnic composition, tribal union, historical and linguistic analysis, settlement, reconstruction

UDC

39(571.54)+346.231

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