This paper continues a series of works on the ethnic composition of the Buryat population using a case study of Buryat administrative and territorial units, national jurisdictions of the Russian empire in 19^th century. In the structure of Buryat departments, the least studied administrative unit was Nizhneudinskaya zemlitsa (literally “Nizhneudinsk small land”). It was formed in 17^th century on the westernmost periphery of the “Bratskaya land”, on the territory of the Buryat tribe of Ashibagat and its tax-paying population, including population spoken on Turkic, Tung, Samoyedic and Yenisei languages. Nizhneudinskaya zemlitsa has undergone the most large-scale reduction of the territory and the outflow of the indigenous population in the process of implementing imperial relocation projects of all the Buryat departments. Mass migrations of Ashibagats in the middle and in the second half of the 17^th century also contributed to the reduction of Buryats in this territory. The Uda Ashibagat became the basis of the Khariad population of North-Western Mongolia. The other part of the Ashibagats migrated to the Chikoi basin, within the borders of Russia, where the Ashibagat administrative clan was formed. Also, one of four Buryat Cavalry Cossack regiments was formed with Ashibagats. On the other hand, the construction of one of the sections of the Big Postal Siberian Route, also called Moscowian route from Tomsk through Krasnoyarsk and Nizhneudinsk to Irkutsk attracted the formation of a large Tulun rural municipality with the Russian peasant population in the second half of the 18^th century. Thereby to this construction, most of the steppe areas, near this road, were populated by Russians. The Buryat population was forced to migrate up the rivers to the taiga zone. Most of Nizhneudinskaya Zemlitsa former territories moved under Russian peasant and the Cossack settlements. Author's map of Nizhneudinskaya Zemlitsa reflects the dynamics of changes in the boundaries of this Buryat department in the 19^th century. The ethnic composition of the remaining not numerous Buryat population was heterogeneous and included not only the Buryat tribes, but also the Kyshtyms who were assimilated. In the process of assimilation, the former tax-paying population of the Buryats became not only the part of Buryats and Tofalar, but also the old-time Russian population. Studies of the ethnic composition of Nizhneudinsk Buryats allowed to prove the Mongolian origin of a number of ethnic groups – Korchun, Khurdut, Kara-Darhan, whose origin was previously considered Yenisei or Samoyedic. A number of ethnonyms require further research.

Nanzatov Bair Zoriktoevich, Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior researcher, Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS; 6, Sakhiyanova st., Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russian Federation, e-mail: nanzatov@yandex.ru

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