This article presents the results of pollen analysis, covering the period from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages taken from multilayered settlement Oskino Swamp. The importance of this study is connected with unique character of the studied site, which contains the archaeological cultures for 5–6 kyrs without large historical gaps and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Tobolo-Isetye The mutual influence has been reflected in its impact to the environments. The obtained results match data already known about this area. From the 2^nd half of the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age steppe formation of the landscape and bogging-up of waters is observed in the neighbour of the site Oskino Swamp. Later (the early Iron Age and the Middle Ages) the predominance of arboreal vegetation were reconstructed, which is determined by climatic cooling and humidification.