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«BULLETIN OF THE IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY. GEOARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY, AND ANTHROPOLOGY SERIES»
ISSN 2227-2380 (Print)

List of issues > «Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series». 2025. Vol 51

Khakass Ïγï, Ïγïn and Burayt Ikinād: Towards the History of Turkic and Mongolic Contacts in South Siberia

Full text (russian)
Author(s)

B. Z. Nanzatov, V. V. Tishin1

1 Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation

Abstract
This article is devoted to the examination of one of the pages of historical contacts between Turkic and Mongolic communities in South Siberia region, which played a role in the ethnogenesis of the Khakass and Buryat peoples. In the paper they are proposed an etymology and argued the existence of a historical connection of the names of the tribal division (Khakass sȫk) of Kyzyl people, being the part of Khakass, are Ïγïn and the Buryat administrative division (Russian rod) Ikinād. The Ikināds were one of the first historical political associations of the Buryats that entered into direct contact with the Russian Cossacks. The authors of the article examine data of written sources and draw on the results of field research in order to subsequently, using the methods of historical linguistics, determine the relationship between the two ethnonyms. Both ethnic names under consideration were first reliably attested in Russian documents of the 17th century. Subsequently, the sources mainly contain distorted versions of names, which require reconstruction of the original form of the word for each case. In the view of the authors of the article, they originated to the Turkic stem *ïqïn ‘stream, current’, recorded since the Middle Turkic period in both literal and figurative meanings. The name of the Buryat ethnonym is traced back to the form *ïqïnai > *ïqïnas, and not to a hypothetical formation with the plural affix +nAd. Such parallel designatedd reflects the existence of close historical contacts between groups of the Turkic and Mongolic population, which took part in the ethnogenesis of the Khakass and Buryats until the 17th century, and, in particular, shows the participation of historical Turkic-speaking groups in the formation of tribal communities of the Buryats. In addition, they are provided in the article some examples of cases where the original appearance of ethnonyms can be distorted over time under the influence of false “folk” etymologies or the influence of forms rooted in clerical records.
About the Authors

Nanzatov Bair Zoriktoevich, Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior Researcher, Department of History, Ethnology and Sociology, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS;6, Sakhyanova st., Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russian Federation e-mail: nanzatov@yandex.ru

Tishin Vladimir Vladimirovich, Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior Researcher, Department of History, Ethnology and Sociology, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS; 6, Sakhyanova st., Ulan-Ude, 670047, R

For citation
Nanzatov B. Z., Tishin V. V. Khakass Ïγï, Ïγïn and Burayt Ikinād: Towards the History of Turkic and Mongolic Contacts in South Siberia. Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series. 2025, Vol. 51, pp. 74–83. https://doi.org/10.26516/2227- 2380.2025.51.74 (In Russ.)
Keywords
ethnonym, Buryats, Khakas, ethnic history.
UDC
94(57)+811.512
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2025.51.74
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