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«BULLETIN OF THE IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY. GEOARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY, AND ANTHROPOLOGY SERIES»
ISSN 2227-2380 (Print)

List of issues > «Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series». 2025. Vol 54

Results of Long-term Research of the Russian-Canadian Project in the Baikal Region (1997–2025)

Full text (russian)
Author(s)

O. I. Goriunova1, A. W. Weber1,2, A. G. Novikov1, V. I. Bazaliiskii1

1Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation 

2University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Abstract
Thе paper summarizes research on Neolithic to Bronze Age hunter-gatherers of the Cis-Baikal region conducted by the long-term Russian-Canadian project. The paper presents key findings of joint fieldwork at large cemeteries and stratified camp sites on the coast of Lake Baikal and on the Upper Lena River. The new high-quality and informative materials characterize various cultural and chronological periods of the Holocene (mainly the Neolithic and Bronze Age). Modern multidisciplinary methods allowed the reconstruction of burial practices, provided new insights about the mobility of past groups, as well as improved understanding of the economic processes and adaptation to environmental changes. Based on the materials from the Sagan-Zaba II camp site and several cemeteries, the project was able to identify, for the first time in the Cis-Baikal region, the problem of the impact of old carbon on dating of human skeletal remains (the freshwater reservoir effect). A large dataset of radiocarbon dates (560 AMS dates), all corrected for the freshwater reservoir effect, made it possible to track the history of prehistoric cultures of the region from the Late Mesolithic to the Early Bronze Age, ~8600–3500 cal BP; to clarify the boundaries between archaeological periods and mortuary traditions; and to examine and compare the patterns of use of individual cemeteries. As a result, a new basic model of the evolution of prehistoric cultures of the region was proposed, taking into account changes in environmental and climatic conditions and technological innovations: 1) from the appearance of small Late Mesolithic cemeteries ~8630 cal BP; 2) their replacement on the Angara and southwestern Baikal by large Kitoi cemeteries of the Early Neolithic ~7560–6660 cal BP, and continuation of the Late Mesolithic pattern in the Little Sea and Upper Lena microregions with some elements of the Kitoi mortuary tradition; 3) formation of the Middle Neolithic system without formal cemeteries; 4) the reappearance of cemeteries with variants of the Isakovo and Serovo burial practices of the Late Neolithic ~6060 cal BP; and 5) subsequent formation of the Early Bronze Age system with the Glazkovo tradition ~4970–3470 cal BP. Results obtained from the project have been extensively published and will serve as a source of data and ideas to address any new questions about the Late Mesolithic – Early Bronze prehistory of the region.
About the Authors

Goriunova Olga Ivanovna, Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior Researcher, Scientific Research Center “Baikal Region”, Irkutsk State University; 1, K. Marx st., Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation e-mail: as122@yandex.ru 

Weber Andrzej, Witold PhD, Professor of Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta; 13-15 HM Tory Building, Edmonton, AB Т6G 2H4, Canada Head of the Laboratory of Geoarcheology of Baikal Siberia of Scientific Research Center “Baikal Region”, Irkutsk State University; 1, K. Marx St., Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation e-mail: aweber@ualberta.ca 

Novikov Aleksei Gennadievich, Candidate of Sciences (History), Associate Professor, Department of World History and International Relations; Irkutsk State University; 1, K. Marx st., Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation e-mail: as122@yandex.ru

Bazaliiskii Vladimir Ivanovich, Research Engineer, Educational and Research Laboratory of Archaeology, Ethnology, Problems of Paleoecology and Human Evolution of the Faculty of History, Irkutsk State University; 1, K. Marx st., Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation e-mail: bazalirk@yandex.ru

For citation
Goriunova O. I., Weber A. W., Novikov A. G., Bazaliiskii V. I. Results of Long-term Research of the Russian-Canadian Project in the Baikal Region (1997–2025). Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series. 2025, Vol. 54, pp. 3–26. https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2025.54.3 (In Russ.)
Keywords
Cis-Baikal, Neolithic, Bronze Age, burial complexes, stratified camp sites, multidisciplinary research, radiocarbon dating, freshwater reservoir effect.
UDC
903'12(571.53)"634"+903'12(571.53)"637"
DOI
https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2025.54.3
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