This article discusses the results of anthropological research on the identification of bone remains of historical figures. Work on identification of the Pharaoh of the XVIII dynasty (Semnehkera) is described. Complexities in defining the age and sex of this individual relate to probable lifetime hypogonadism. Research on the identification of grand duchesses Maria Borisovna Tverskaya and Sofia Paleolog are separately considered. A short description of the identification of the remains of Russia’s last emperor, Nikolay II, and members of his family is also provided. Special emphasis is placed on a discussion of the plastic reconstruction method as a means of identifying specific historic individuals.