This article contains observations and results from interdisciplinary scientific research carried out in recent years in the fields of geology, geomorphology, paleogeography and archaeology of the Cenozoic III Era of Baikalian Siberia. Data on the current state of knowledge about archeological materials from Pleistocene-Holocene geological sediments of the Quaternary of this vast province are also presented. A conceptual framework for the scientific problem outlined in this article is based on data derived from geological and geomorphological research conducted throughout the Siberian platform – the most ancient landmass of the Earth – as well as the Baikal-Khövsgöl Nuur rift, which is a product of long-term subsurface geomorphological processes. The platform and the rift are connected with all the events of geological, paleobiological and paleotechnological history. The content of this article proceeds from the authors’ basic hypothesis that during the Pleistocene, the Angara-Yenisei river system and the Angara River – its main artery – did not exist in their current form. It is proposed that a functional role of the Angara and Yenisei watercourses, as well as their tributaries and the general North Asian basin of Lake Baikal, must be reconsidered in order to suggest a new scheme that emphasizes common global terracing processes as well as the deposition of archaeological objects.